CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 corrosion behavior of SrZrO3-La2Ce2O7 composite ceramics

In this work, the corrosion behavior, interaction products, and the corrosion mechanism of (1-x)SrZrO₃-xLa2Ce2O7(x = 0.3, S7L3; x = 0.5, S5L5; x = 0.7, S3L7) composite bulks after CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (CMAS) attack at 1250°C for 1, 4, and 12 h were investigated, respectively. The molten CMAS and the bulks rapidly interacted and generated a dense reaction layer, which mainly composed of La-Ce apatite, Ce₂Zr₂O_7.04, ZrO₂ with some Ce, Ca, Si, Mg, and Al elements preventing CMAS from continuous penetration effectively. The formation of CMAS self-crystallizing products such as Ca₂Al₂SiO₇ gehlenite and Mg-Al spinel with high melting points increased the viscosity of CMAS. The elements in the ceramic also diffused into the molten CMAS and formed Ce₂Zr₂O_7.04 and La₂Ce₂O₇, increasing the melt viscosity and blocking the penetration channel of the molten CMAS. The S5L5 bulk has the best corrosion resistance against CMAS attacks.     

The fabrication of porous mullite ceramics based on the different sizes of aluminum hydroxide

In this research, for studying the influence of size and heat treatment temperature of initial Al(OH)₃ on the physical properties of porous mullite ceramics, porous mullite ceramics were prepared by in situ reaction sintering of amorphous silica and treated Al(OH)₃. The transition phases χ-Al₂O₃, к-Al₂O₃, and stable phase α-Al₂O₃ can be obtained in turn when the treatment temperature of raw Al(OH)₃ is 500, 1000, and 1500°C, respectively. The coarser the raw Al(OH)₃, the higher the strength of porous mullite ceramics. When the sintering temperature is 1500°C, the bending strengths of PS500-C, PS1000-C, and PS1500-C (PSx-C represents that the specimen was prepared by the coarse grade Al(OH)_3, which was previously treated at x°C) are 40.3 ± 2.1, 54.9 ± 5.2, and 64.8 ± 4.8 MPa, respectively. In addition, although the activated Al₂O₃ can decrease the formation temperature (∼100°C) of porous mullite ceramics, the strength and density of porous mullite ceramics prepared by activated Al₂O₃ will decrease at the same sintering temperature. It is believed that the increase of defects and pores during the phase transformation should be responsible for this phenomenon.     

The Effect of a Polymeric Flame Retardant Containing Phosphorus–Sulfur–Silicon and a Caged Group on Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials - Currently, the issue of natural flammability of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) severely restrains its application. In this study,...     

Catalytic hydrogenation of insoluble organic matter of CS2/Acetone from coal over mesoporous HZSM-5 supported Ni and Ru

Four supported catalysts, nickel and ruthenium on a HZSM-5 support, were prepared by equal volume impregnation and in-situ decomposition of carbonyl nickel. The properties of catalysts were investigated by catalytic hydro-conversion of 2,2′-dinaphthyl ether as the model compound and extraction residue of Naomaohu lignite as the sample under an initial H₂ pressure of 5 MPa and temperature at 150 °C. According to the catalytic hydro-conversion results of the model compound, Ni−Ru/HZSM-5 exhibited the best catalytic performance. It not only activated H₂ into H···H, but also further heterolytically split H···H into immobile H^‒ attached on the acidic centers of Ni−Ru/HZSM-5 and relatively mobile H⁺. Catalytic hydro-conversion of the extraction residue from Naomaohu lignite was further examined over the optimized catalyst, Ni−Ru/HZSM-5. Detailed molecular compositions of products from the extraction residue with and without hydrogenation were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The analytical results showed that the oxygen-containing functional groups in products of hydrogenated extraction residue were obviously reduced after the catalytic treatment. The relative content of oxygenates in the product with catalytic treatment was 18.57% lower than that in the product without catalytic treatment.     

Room-temperature hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzenes over metal–organic-framework-derived ultra-dispersed Ni stabilized by N-doped carbon nanoneedles

Ultra-dispersed Ni nanoparticles (7.5 nm) on nitrogen-doped carbon nanoneedles (Ni@NCNs) were prepared by simple pyrolysis of Ni-based metal–organic-framework for selective hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzenes to corresponding anilines. Two different crystallization methods (stirring and static) were compared and the optimal pyrolysis temperature was explored. Ni@NCNs were systematically characterized by wide analytical techniques. In the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene, Ni@NCNs-600 (pyrolyzed at 600 °C) exhibited extraordinarily high performance with 77.9 h^–1 catalytic productivity and > 99% p-chloroaniline selectivity at full p-chloronitrobenzene conversion under mild conditions (90 °C, 1.5 MPa H₂), showing obvious superiority compared with reported Ni-based catalysts. Notably, the reaction smoothly proceeded at room temperature with full conversion and > 99% selectivity. Moreover, Ni@NCNs-600 afforded good tolerance to various nitroarenes substituted by sensitive groups (halogen, nitrile, keto, carboxylic, etc.), and could be easily recycled by magnetic separation and reused for 5 times without deactivation. The adsorption tests showed that the preferential adsorption of –NO₂ on the catalyst can restrain the dehalogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene, thus achieving high p-chloroaniline selectivity. While the high activity can be attributed to high Ni dispersion, special morphology, and rich pore structure of the catalyst.     

计算机结构的发展与新技术探讨

计算机发展日新月异,从计算机的核心部件-微处理器,到计算机整体结构均在持续发展,性能在不断提高.本文介绍现代计算机中总线结构发展的特点,以及超频及超线程等新技术,为从事计算机理论研究提供参考.     

Optimal planning of flood-resilient electric vehicle charging stations

This study is the first attempt to integrate flood resilience into the electric vehicle (EV) charging station planning process. Instead of fully avoiding flood-prone areas, an optimized placement considering the magnitude of flood inundations can minimize the impact of flood hazards and simultaneously maximize the socio-economic benefit of EV charging station networks. In this study, an integrated framework of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed to optimize the charging station locations by maximizing the charging convenience, minimizing the impact of flood hazards, and minimizing the impact of existing charging stations. The NSGA-III is applied to solve the multi-objective location optimization of charging stations. TOPSIS is subsequently used to determine the best solution from the feasible candidates generated by the NSGA-III. A case study conducted in the Waikiki area demonstrates that the proposed optimization framework can effectively deal with the trade-off between the impact of flood hazards and the charging service of a charging station network. This study provides new insights into best practices for dealing with multiple conflicting objectives in EV charging station planning under climate change.     

Comparative study on overall and local static performance of steel open-web girders

To quantify the mechanical properties of five types of steel open-web girders that have been tested or applied in practical engineering, a systematic study of the overall and local mechanical properties of steel open-web girders based on the same dimensions and material conditions was presented. An overall study of the quasi-intersection beam method for shear deformation was introduced for 8 × 8 grid open-web girders to derive the determinants of the load distribution factor. Based on the load distribution factors, the essence and formula of any shear key node domain (SKND) were derived theoretically. The reliability of the numerical model was verified by tests on the H-type unidirectional SKNDs, which led to a comparative load–displacement study of unidirectional and bidirectional SKNDs. Quantitative results of the overall flexural capacity and SKND load capacity of the H-type, TH-type, TS-type, T-type, and DT-type open-web girders were obtained. The maximum shear deformation in the elastic phase of the five open-web girders accounted for 39.04% to 54.76% of the overall deformation. In this study, the adjustment factors of the modeling analysis based on the current practical design of equivalent dense-ribbed solid beams (DRSBs) were revised. A method of SKND's design load capacity under the action of bidirectional forces was put forward for the first time.     

居家环境下老年人夜间行走辅助照明研究

随着年龄增长,老年人起夜逐渐频繁,对空间的适应能力逐渐下降。为了保障老年人夜间行走安全,居家环境下的辅助照明系统亟待改善。首先通过对老年人夜间行走情况与其居住空间情况进行调研,总结辅助照明现状与夜间行走空间的基本情况。然后,基于3种空间原型与2种路径原型,依托于适老建筑实验室进行空间模拟实验研究,并对不同辅助照明的位置进行满意度评价与分析。最后,提出老年人夜间行走辅助照明位置建议,以期为适老化夜间行走辅助照明环境设计与改造提供依据,提高居家养老安全性与舒适性。     

多层多跨钢筋混凝土平面框架拟静力倒塌试验研究#br#

建筑结构的破坏具有离散性和系统性的特点,该特性决定结构抗地震倒塌的研究需多参数、多层次考虑问题。文章结合结构地震倒塌破坏模式的研究,完成了三榀钢筋混凝土平面框架的低周反复荷载试验,通过对模型框架破坏过程、破坏形态、滞回耗能及刚度退化的分析,探讨轴压比和梁柱线刚度比对RC框架结构抗震性能的影响,以期为后续结构地震倒塌破坏机理的研究提供参考。分析结果表明：降低结构的竖向荷载和梁柱线刚度比,有利于梁端塑性铰的充分发育,从而更易实现理想的“梁铰”破坏机制;试验框架的最终破坏是由底层柱下端塑性铰充分发育后、混凝土突然压溃所致,底层构件的耗能能力得到充分发挥,而中间层构件和顶层构件所耗散的能量较少;KJ-2的峰值荷载及极限荷载比KJ-1的峰值荷载及极限荷载分别大约9.9%和8.7%、等效黏滞阻尼系数比KJ-1大约16.5%,但位移延性系数比KJ-1小约57.1%,说明增大结构的竖向荷载可以提高其承载能力及耗能能力,但会降低延性及变形能力,同时,一定程度地增大竖向荷载,有利于强化结构的初始抗侧刚度,延缓刚度退化趋势,但在层间位移角较大情况下P-Δ效应的影响凸显;结构梁柱线刚度比的增大可以提高其耗能能力,但会降低结构的承载能力、延性及初始抗侧刚度;对于轴压比及梁柱线刚度比较小的“梁铰”结构,临近倒塌时的层间位移角可达1/25,此时结构仍具有一定的竖向承载能力。